Manejo endocrino del ciclo estral de la yegua
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Fecha
2011
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Especialización en Biotecnología de la Reproducción
Descripción
La manipulación de la reproducción equina hoy por hoy es uno de los temas que más se trabaja en la especie equina; se refiere a la manipulación del ciclo estral en yeguas, para obtener ya sea, más crías en un año o asegurar una ovulación controlada para obtener mayores porcentajes de preñez. Por esto el afán de manipular el ciclo estral con el fin de obtener así una sincronía en la ovulación y obtener los resultados esperados en procesos de transferencia de embriones, inseminación artificial. Esta revisión surge con la necesidad de mejorar las prácticas de sincronización estral y conocer otras opciones en protocolos hormonales para dicho fin. Hoy por hoy existen protocolos para la manipulación endocrina en las yeguas: cíclicas, acíclicas y yeguas posparto. Se identificaron protocolos como el uso de prostaglandina con una efectividad del 78-92% en sincronía estral, 91% de sincronía con el uso de dispositivos intravaginales, y con el método de Ablación/Aspiración folicular se logró sincronía alrededor del 81 %, sin embargo estos protocolos están sujetos al uso de inductores de la ovulación como lo son la GnRH y la hCG, que finalmente son los hormonas claves en la sincronización de la ovulación a folículos mayores de 35 mm en cada uno de los respectivos protocolos. Desafortunadamente en la actualidad no existe un protocolo que garantice la inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo. Esto se debe a la individualidad en el crecimiento folicular y edema uterino, factores que no dependen de los protocolos y que de cierta manera hace difícil la sincronía estral entre las yeguas. Por esto la aplicación de Deslorelin ® inyectable es una de las maneras en las que se obtiene mayor sincronía al momento de la ovulación ya que se obtienen valores de 94% de ovulación.
Now a day, manipulation of the equine reproduction is one of the most worked topics concerning the equine specie. It refers to the handling of the mares´ estrous cycle to obtain either more offspring in a year, or to ensure a more controlled ovulation in order to achieve greater pregnancy percentages. With this into a count, it´s important to speed up investigation about these processes of manipulation of the estrous cycle with the purpose of synchronizing the ovulation of mares and obtaining the expected results in processes such as embryo transfer and artificial insemination. This study comes as a result of the increasing necessity of bettering practices of estrous synchronization and of getting knowledge about different options in hormonal protocols for such practices. The existing protocols for the endocrine manipulation of mares can be cyclic, acyclic and postpartum mares. Through the years, there have been identified protocols such as prostaglandin usage with an effectiveness of 78-92% in estrous synchrony, intravaginal devices with 91% of synchrony, and follicular Ablation/Aspiration with an achieved synchrony of almost 81% of effectiveness. These protocols however, are tied to the usage of ovulation inducers such as GnRH and hCG that are, at the end, key hormones in the ovulation synchrony done to follicles that are bigger than 35 mm in each of the respective protocols. Unfortunately, there is not a protocol that guarantees a permanent artificial insemination because of the individual follicle growth and uterine edemas (factors that don´t depend on the protocols and that make estrous synchronization between mares very difficult). For these reasons, the application of Deslorelin ® is one of the ways in which more synchronization can be obtained at the ovulation time because effectiveness reaches 94%.
Now a day, manipulation of the equine reproduction is one of the most worked topics concerning the equine specie. It refers to the handling of the mares´ estrous cycle to obtain either more offspring in a year, or to ensure a more controlled ovulation in order to achieve greater pregnancy percentages. With this into a count, it´s important to speed up investigation about these processes of manipulation of the estrous cycle with the purpose of synchronizing the ovulation of mares and obtaining the expected results in processes such as embryo transfer and artificial insemination. This study comes as a result of the increasing necessity of bettering practices of estrous synchronization and of getting knowledge about different options in hormonal protocols for such practices. The existing protocols for the endocrine manipulation of mares can be cyclic, acyclic and postpartum mares. Through the years, there have been identified protocols such as prostaglandin usage with an effectiveness of 78-92% in estrous synchrony, intravaginal devices with 91% of synchrony, and follicular Ablation/Aspiration with an achieved synchrony of almost 81% of effectiveness. These protocols however, are tied to the usage of ovulation inducers such as GnRH and hCG that are, at the end, key hormones in the ovulation synchrony done to follicles that are bigger than 35 mm in each of the respective protocols. Unfortunately, there is not a protocol that guarantees a permanent artificial insemination because of the individual follicle growth and uterine edemas (factors that don´t depend on the protocols and that make estrous synchronization between mares very difficult). For these reasons, the application of Deslorelin ® is one of the ways in which more synchronization can be obtained at the ovulation time because effectiveness reaches 94%.
Palabras clave
Caballos, Reproducción, Endocrinología obstétrica, Veterinaria