Protección de la industria nacional en el sector agrícola
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Fecha
2023
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Desarrollo Sostenible – FEEDS. Finanzas y Comercio Internacional
Descripción
El presente estudio parte de la premisa que Colombia, a pesar de ser un país agrícola, le apuesta más a la importación que a la inversión de productos pertenecientes a este sector. Dado lo anterior y apoyado en una investigación de enfoque mixto, medición numérica y análisis estadístico, se realiza un estudio basado en dos productos (maíz y azúcar); partiendo de dos modelos econométricos que buscan explicar el crecimiento de las importaciones de cada producto a partir del análisis de la relación entre la variable dependiente con las variables independientes. De los resultados se logró determinar que al evaluar la competitividad del sector agrícola frente a la de países que presentan un comportamiento similar en su balanza comercial de los últimos 5 años, se ejecutó una identificación de países que presentan un comportamiento similar al de Colombia en cuanto a su balanza comercial, en donde se pudo evidenciar la falta de inversión en los aspectos macroeconómicos, aprovechamiento de tierras y mejora en políticas gubernamentales como la corrupción y los conflictos armados. Asimismo, se determinan las medidas arancelarias y no arancelarias que protegen al sector agrícola y como las integraciones económicas a las que pertenece Colombia afectan a dicho sector. En este sentido, se pudo evidenciar algunas debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas que afectan al sector agrícola Colombiano y cómo al transcurso del tiempo estas medidas se han modificado y aportado para que Colombia le apueste más a la importación que a la inversión de estos productos.
The present study is based on the premise that Colombia, despite being an agricultural country, bets more on imports than on the investment of products belonging to this sector. Given the above and supported by a mixed approach research, numerical measurement and statistical analysis, a study is carried out based on two products (maize and sugar); based on two econometric models that seek to explain the growth of imports of each product from the analysis of the relationship between the dependent variable with the independent variables. From the results it was possible to determine that when evaluating the competitiveness of the agricultural sector against that of countries that present a similar behavior in their trade balance of the last 5 years, an identification of countries that present a similar behavior to that of Colombia in terms of their trade balance was made, where the lack of investment in macroeconomic aspects, land use and improvement in government policies such as corruption and armed conflicts Likewise, the tariff and non-tariff measures that protect the agricultural sector are determined and how the economic integrations to which Colombia belongs affect that sector. In this sense, it was possible to show some weaknesses, opportunities, strengths and threats that affect the colombian agricultural sector and how over time these measures have been modified and contributed so that Colombia bets more on the import than on the investment of these products.
The present study is based on the premise that Colombia, despite being an agricultural country, bets more on imports than on the investment of products belonging to this sector. Given the above and supported by a mixed approach research, numerical measurement and statistical analysis, a study is carried out based on two products (maize and sugar); based on two econometric models that seek to explain the growth of imports of each product from the analysis of the relationship between the dependent variable with the independent variables. From the results it was possible to determine that when evaluating the competitiveness of the agricultural sector against that of countries that present a similar behavior in their trade balance of the last 5 years, an identification of countries that present a similar behavior to that of Colombia in terms of their trade balance was made, where the lack of investment in macroeconomic aspects, land use and improvement in government policies such as corruption and armed conflicts Likewise, the tariff and non-tariff measures that protect the agricultural sector are determined and how the economic integrations to which Colombia belongs affect that sector. In this sense, it was possible to show some weaknesses, opportunities, strengths and threats that affect the colombian agricultural sector and how over time these measures have been modified and contributed so that Colombia bets more on the import than on the investment of these products.
Palabras clave
Inversión, Desarrollo industrial, Medidas arancelarias, Ventajas comparativas, Productos, Modelos econométricos