Diseño preliminar de un sistema de prueba para estudios de calidad de potencia en circuitos de distribución eléctrica para cargas de estaciones de extracción de crudo en un campo petrolero
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2017
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería Eléctrica
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El crecimiento de la demanda en los sistemas de distribución eléctrica y las restricciones de ampliación creadas en el momento del diseño, ha obligado a transmitir bloques de energía y potencia a grandes distancias. Esto hace que los circuitos operen cerca de su capacidad máxima de tensión, valor de regulación de tensión al límite y en ocasiones con tensiones deprimidas, haciendo los sistemas más vulnerables, presentando problemas de confiabilidad y calidad de potencia, poniendo en riesgo su seguridad. Basado en esto y debido al tipo de cargas a alimentar, las cuales inyectan armónicos a la red ocasionando distorsión en la onda de corriente, se requiere un diseño que cumpla con los niveles de tensión necesarios para el buen funcionamiento de las cargas y cuya calidad de la potencia transmitida esté dentro de los límites permitidos
The growth of demand in the electrical distribution systems and the expansion restrictions created at the time of design has forced energy and power blocks to be transmitted over longer distances; this induce the circuits to operate close to their maximum voltage capacity, in a limit voltage regulation and sometimes with low voltages. Making systems more vulnerable cause problems of reliability and power quality of the system and put their safety at risk. Based on the above and due to the type of loads to be fed, which inject harmonics into the network induce distortion in the current and voltage wave, is required a design that meets the voltage levels necessary for the proper functioning of the loads and be able to transmit energy in optimal condition he loads and be able to transmit energy in optimal condition. The present work proposes an electrical distribution design that meets the requirements and needs power for typical loads in the oil extraction stations (clusters); for this reason, an analysis of the behavior of the load is carried out, in order to characterize the circuit and take account the different design criteria in the selection of materials and limits of operation of the design
The growth of demand in the electrical distribution systems and the expansion restrictions created at the time of design has forced energy and power blocks to be transmitted over longer distances; this induce the circuits to operate close to their maximum voltage capacity, in a limit voltage regulation and sometimes with low voltages. Making systems more vulnerable cause problems of reliability and power quality of the system and put their safety at risk. Based on the above and due to the type of loads to be fed, which inject harmonics into the network induce distortion in the current and voltage wave, is required a design that meets the voltage levels necessary for the proper functioning of the loads and be able to transmit energy in optimal condition he loads and be able to transmit energy in optimal condition. The present work proposes an electrical distribution design that meets the requirements and needs power for typical loads in the oil extraction stations (clusters); for this reason, an analysis of the behavior of the load is carried out, in order to characterize the circuit and take account the different design criteria in the selection of materials and limits of operation of the design
Palabras clave
Sistemas de energía eléctrica, Distribución de energía eléctrica, Transmisión de energía eléctrica, Control electrónico, Electrónica de potencia, Estaciones de extracción de crudo, Campo petrolero