Evaluación de los niveles de colinesterasa en sangre sustancia P en lágrima en los trabajadores de los sistemas de producción agropecuaria
Cargando...
Fecha
2018
Autores
Director de trabajo de grado
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Optometría
Altmetric
Código QR
Descripción
Los plaguicidas se utilizan ampliamente en la industria agrícola de los países en vía de desarrollo. La exposición de los trabajadores a éstos puede ocasionar intoxicaciones agudas y crónicas que incluyen deficiencia del metabolismo, neurotoxicidad, carcinogenicidad, alteración reproductiva y endocrina, así como disfunciones inmunológicas. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre los niveles sanguíneos de colinesterasa, signos y síntomas de ojo seco en trabajadores rurales expuestos a agroquímicos. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles a 50 agricultores expuestos a plaguicidas (casos) y 50 no expuestos (control); a los que se les tomó una muestra de sangre para medir colinesterasa; y una muestra de lágrima para determinar Sustancia P, citología de impresión en conjuntiva y cuestionario de síntomas de ojo seco de Donate. Resultados: Los datos de la población en general no fueron concluyentes: el valor de colinesterasa promedio para los sujetos expuestos fue de 8.641 y para los no expuestos de 8.094, lo cual no presenta una suficiente diferencia para considerarse estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos. El puntaje total al cuestionario de síntomas auto reportados presentó una mediana de 12 en los expuestos y de 13 en aquellos no expuestos. Los resultados de las citologías de impresión conjuntival mostraron que el 53% de las personas expuestas a solventes orgánicos presentaron un grado 2, mientras que el 63% de la población no expuesta presentó un grado 1 de metaplasia escamosa, lo cual generó una diferencia significativa entre estos. Conclusiones: los trabajadores expuestos a agroquímicos en esta investigación no tuvieron alteración en los niveles sanguíneos de colinesterasa ni en los signos ni en los síntomas oculares; es necesario continuar con los estudios en poblaciones con mayor riesgo de exposición
Pesticides are widely used in the agricultural industry of developing countries. Exposure of workers to these pesticides can lead to severe and chronic intoxications, including metabolic deficiencies, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and endocrine disruption as well as immune dysfunctions. Objective: To determine the association between levels of cholinesterase in blood, signs and symptoms of dry eye in rural workers exposed to agrochemicals. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted to 50 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides (cases) and 50 non-exposed (control); who had a blood sample taken to measure cholinesterase; and a tear sample to determine Substance P, conjunctival impression cytology and Donate dry eye symptom questionnaire. Results: The data of the population in general were not conclusive: the average cholinesterase value for the exposed subjects was 8,641 and for the unexposed, it was 8,094, which does not present a substantial difference to be considered statistically significant between the groups. The total score to the questionnaire of self-reported symptoms presented a median of 12 in those exposed and 13 in those not exposed; the results of conjunctival impression cytologies showed that 53% of the people exposed to organic solvents had a grade 2, while 63% of the non-exposed population presented a grade 1 of squamous metaplasia, which represented a meaningful difference between these. Conclusions: The workers exposed to agrochemicals in this investigation did not have any alteration in the sanguineous levels of cholinesterase in the ocular signs or symptoms. It is necessary to continue with further studies in populations with greater risk of exposition
Pesticides are widely used in the agricultural industry of developing countries. Exposure of workers to these pesticides can lead to severe and chronic intoxications, including metabolic deficiencies, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and endocrine disruption as well as immune dysfunctions. Objective: To determine the association between levels of cholinesterase in blood, signs and symptoms of dry eye in rural workers exposed to agrochemicals. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted to 50 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides (cases) and 50 non-exposed (control); who had a blood sample taken to measure cholinesterase; and a tear sample to determine Substance P, conjunctival impression cytology and Donate dry eye symptom questionnaire. Results: The data of the population in general were not conclusive: the average cholinesterase value for the exposed subjects was 8,641 and for the unexposed, it was 8,094, which does not present a substantial difference to be considered statistically significant between the groups. The total score to the questionnaire of self-reported symptoms presented a median of 12 in those exposed and 13 in those not exposed; the results of conjunctival impression cytologies showed that 53% of the people exposed to organic solvents had a grade 2, while 63% of the non-exposed population presented a grade 1 of squamous metaplasia, which represented a meaningful difference between these. Conclusions: The workers exposed to agrochemicals in this investigation did not have any alteration in the sanguineous levels of cholinesterase in the ocular signs or symptoms. It is necessary to continue with further studies in populations with greater risk of exposition
Palabras clave
Industrias agropecuarias, Plaguicidas, Plaguicidas - Aspectos ambientales, Enfermedades inmunológicas, Trabajadores agrícolas, Animal industry, Pesticides, Pesticides - Environmental aspects, Immunologic diseases, Agricultural laborers