Comercio justo para caficultores de Pitalito: herramienta de inclusión en los mercados internacionales
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2017
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Desarrollo Sostenible – FEEDS. Finanzas y Comercio Internacional
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La creciente apertura e interdependencia de los mercados, ha provocado una alta competencia entre los distintos actores del comercio internacional, interesados en conquistar clientes y cautivar mercados alrededor del mundo. Lo anterior, ha generado una competencia global marcada por un capitalismo agresivo tendiente a obtener las mayores rentabilidades en detrimento de quienes no pueden competir en las mismas condiciones, escenario que ha potenciado la desigualdad entre aquellos que poseen las capacidades para enfrentar las nuevas condiciones comerciales y los pequeños grupos cuya gestión no compite en los mercados internacionales. Es el caso de los pequeños productores, como los caficultores del municipio de Pitalito-Huila, quienes están en el medio de una cadena de intermediarios que obtienen la mayor parte de las ganancias; por esta razón, es necesario acudir a nuevos modelos y mecanismos que procuren la equidad del sector agrícola. Este trabajo busca plantear un modelo de Comercio Justo, que se implante en la comunidad caficultora de Pitalito; esto, teniendo en cuenta sus actuales prácticas productivas y administrativas y la búsqueda de la forma de mejorarlas, desde la perspectiva de la Economía Campesina y los criterios del sello Fairtrade. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se realizó una revisión documental del sector caficultor en el departamento del Huila, además de una encuesta estructurada a una muestra de 120 pequeños caficultores de Pitalito; a través de esto, se logró determinar que existe un largo camino para que se cumpla el modelo de Comercio Justo en el municipio, debido a diversos factores de tipo social, cultural y económico; sin embargo, se plantearon propuestas dirigidas a facilitar la certificación futura de los caficultores estudiados
The increasing opening and interdependence of the markets, has caused more competition among the different actors of the international trade, for capturing customers and captivate markets across the world. Above mentioned, has generated a major global competence, motivated by an aggressive capitalism tending to get the highest profits to the detriment of those who cannot compete in the same conditions, this scenario has potentiated the inequality among those who have the capacities to face the new commercial conditions and some groups whose administrative practices cannot compete in the international markets. This is the case of small producers’ groups like coffee growers from Pitalito-Huila, who are in the middle of an intermediaries chain that get the biggest part of the earnings; because of this, it is necessary to seek new models and mechanisms which may procure the equality of the agricultural sector. This investigation, looks for proposing a Fairtrade model to coffee growers in Pitalito; given their productive and administrative practices, and the way to improve them, since the perspective of the peasant economy and Fairtrade criteria. To accomplish this objective, a documental research was made in Huila’s coffee sector, besides the application of an inquiry to 120 coffee growers from Pitalito; trough this, it could be determined there is a long way to reach the Fairtrade model in this place, because of social, cultural and economic factors; however, a set of proposals were made to facilitate FLO future certification for coffee growers studied
The increasing opening and interdependence of the markets, has caused more competition among the different actors of the international trade, for capturing customers and captivate markets across the world. Above mentioned, has generated a major global competence, motivated by an aggressive capitalism tending to get the highest profits to the detriment of those who cannot compete in the same conditions, this scenario has potentiated the inequality among those who have the capacities to face the new commercial conditions and some groups whose administrative practices cannot compete in the international markets. This is the case of small producers’ groups like coffee growers from Pitalito-Huila, who are in the middle of an intermediaries chain that get the biggest part of the earnings; because of this, it is necessary to seek new models and mechanisms which may procure the equality of the agricultural sector. This investigation, looks for proposing a Fairtrade model to coffee growers in Pitalito; given their productive and administrative practices, and the way to improve them, since the perspective of the peasant economy and Fairtrade criteria. To accomplish this objective, a documental research was made in Huila’s coffee sector, besides the application of an inquiry to 120 coffee growers from Pitalito; trough this, it could be determined there is a long way to reach the Fairtrade model in this place, because of social, cultural and economic factors; however, a set of proposals were made to facilitate FLO future certification for coffee growers studied
Palabras clave
Comercio exterior, Competencia económica, Economía campesina, Caficultor, International trade, Competition, Peasant economy, Coffee grower