Sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes. Un estudio de caso desde el enfoque de capacidades de Martha Nussbaum
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2017
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Desarrollo Sostenible - FEEDS. Maestría en Estudios y Gestión del Desarrollo – MEGD
Descripción
El siguiente trabajo busca, desde la perspectiva de Nussbaum, comprender cuáles son las principales capacidades que se promueven en los adolescentes atendidos en un programa de atención especializado de modalidad Semi-cerrado. Como primer elemento se identifica que componentes del enfoque de las capacidades son visibles en la política pública del SRPA, analizados en los documentos de lineamiento oficial sobre los procesos metodológicos que se implementan en los modelos de atención de los adolescentes en el Sistema, propone los principios y las bases fundamentales del proceso para su implementación, dejando al prestador del servicio del modelo de atención identificar metodologías específicas, como son las técnicas e instrumentos que logren un paso a paso en todas las actividades que desarrollan. El segundo elemento evidencia las capacidades que han adquirido los adolescentes infractores en la formación general que el centro les ha ofrecido para el cumplimiento del objetivo de la atención integral de cada uno de ellos. Para este fin se recurre a un marco teórico interpretativo - SRPA y menor infractor - que permite una lectura tentativa y básica para el conocimiento y comprensión de la metodología del Sistema y la línea que ella toma para la formación integral de los adolescentes. En consecuencia, esta investigación toma como base tres enfoques fundamentales en su desarrollo y sustento teórico, como son: 1) SRPA y menor infractor; 2) Teoría del desarrollo y 3) Enfoque de las capacidades que permiten centrar un saber epistemológico de una metodología que da los lineamientos para definir las actividades que deben ejercer los centros de privación de libertad para adolescentes y el enfoque de capacidades como guía general para evaluar el alcance del bienestar individual y para desarrollar la naturaleza humana. La información para el análisis se obtuvo de dos fuentes principales: 1) revisión documental; y 2) estudio de caso con entrevista semiestructurada con la participación de seis adolescentes infractores participantes de un Centro Semi-cerrado en la ciudad de Sasaima.
The present study aims to understand, from the Nussbaum perspective, which capabilities are being mainly promoted in adolescents attended in a specialized semi-closed attention program. The first part identifies the components of The Capability Approach that are visible in the public policy of the System of Adolescent Criminal Responsibility (known in Spanish by the acronym SRPA), in accordance with the guidelines of the official documents. These guidelines include the methodological processes that are implemented in the assistance models for adolescents in the System, the proposed principles and the essential basis of the process for its execution, that allows the service model provider to identify specific methodologies -technics and instruments- for achieving the step by step progress in every activity that is developed. The second part shows the capabilities acquired by the offending adolescents through the general training the center has offered them to fulfill the objective of their integral care. To fulfill this purpose, an interpretative theoretical framework -SRPA and minor offender- is used. This allows a tentative and basic reading for knowledge and understanding of the methodology of the system and the path it follows for comprehensive training of adolescents. As a result, this research is based on three basic approaches for its theoretical support and development, namely 1) SRPA and minor offender, 2) Development theory, and 3) The Capability Approach that allows to focus an epistemological knowledge of a methodology that gives the guidelines to define activities that have to be executed by the centers of deprivation of liberty for adolescents. Likely, The Capability Approach as a general guide for evaluating the scope of the individual well-being and for developing of the human nature. Data for analysis were obtained from two different sources: 1) document review, and 2) a case study with semi-structured interview of six juvenile offenders participating in a semi-closed center in the city of Sasaima.
The present study aims to understand, from the Nussbaum perspective, which capabilities are being mainly promoted in adolescents attended in a specialized semi-closed attention program. The first part identifies the components of The Capability Approach that are visible in the public policy of the System of Adolescent Criminal Responsibility (known in Spanish by the acronym SRPA), in accordance with the guidelines of the official documents. These guidelines include the methodological processes that are implemented in the assistance models for adolescents in the System, the proposed principles and the essential basis of the process for its execution, that allows the service model provider to identify specific methodologies -technics and instruments- for achieving the step by step progress in every activity that is developed. The second part shows the capabilities acquired by the offending adolescents through the general training the center has offered them to fulfill the objective of their integral care. To fulfill this purpose, an interpretative theoretical framework -SRPA and minor offender- is used. This allows a tentative and basic reading for knowledge and understanding of the methodology of the system and the path it follows for comprehensive training of adolescents. As a result, this research is based on three basic approaches for its theoretical support and development, namely 1) SRPA and minor offender, 2) Development theory, and 3) The Capability Approach that allows to focus an epistemological knowledge of a methodology that gives the guidelines to define activities that have to be executed by the centers of deprivation of liberty for adolescents. Likely, The Capability Approach as a general guide for evaluating the scope of the individual well-being and for developing of the human nature. Data for analysis were obtained from two different sources: 1) document review, and 2) a case study with semi-structured interview of six juvenile offenders participating in a semi-closed center in the city of Sasaima.
Palabras clave
Capacidades, Sistema de responsabilidad penal, Adolescentes, Centro especializado semi-cerrado, Desarrollo humano, Formación integral