Caracterización de los defectos refractivos y su relación con talla-peso en niños de la Fundación San Antonio de la ciudad de Bogotá entre los 8 a 12 años
Fecha
2024
Director de trabajo de grado
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Descripción
Dentro de las causas más frecuentes de ceguera evitable y baja visión se encuentran los trastornos refractivos. Los defectos refractivos, bien llamados ametropías, se catalogan como aquellas condiciones en las que por un inadecuado funcionamiento óptico el ojo no es capaz de brindar una adecuada imagen. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los defectos refractivos y su relación con talla-peso en niños de 8 a 12 años de la Fundación San Antonio de Bogotá. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en niños de la Fundación San Antonio, entre los 8 y los 12 años en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., a los que se les realizó un tamizaje visual y valoración optométrica a los niños que lo requerían. Las alteraciones visuales se categorizaron de acuerdo con el CIE10. La toma de las medidas antropométricas fue suministrada por nutricionistas de la fundación, posterior a ello se realizó la categorización de sombras en los niños. Resultados: Se examinaron 159 niños, de los cuales el 37.1% (n= 59) presentó una AV mayor a 0.1 logMAR. El 37% de los niños tenía una ametropía significativa, hipermétropes: 18.87% y astígmatas: 18.24%. Solo el 23,3% de los niños tuvo bajo promedio en la talla y el 19,8% en el peso. No se encontró correlación entre la ametropía y las medidas antropométricas. Conclusiones: Se asume que hay probabilidad de se pueda hallar ciertos factores de riesgo diversos entre las muestras y algunos rasgos inherentes en la población, entre estos se pueden destacar características nutricionales, genéticas, de cobertura y cuidado en salud, que alteren los resultados obtenidos en nuestro proyecto.
Among the most frequent causes of avoidable blindness and low vision are refractive disorders. Refractive errors, aptly called ametropia, are classified as those conditions in which, due to inadequate optical functioning, the eye is not able to provide an adequate image. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in children from the San Antonio Foundation, between 8 and 12 years old in the city of Bogotá D.C., who underwent visual screening and optometric evaluation of the children who required it. Visual disturbances were categorized according to the ICD.10 The anthropometric measurements were taken by nutritionists from the foundation, after which the categorization of shadows in the children was carried out. Results: A total of 159 children were examined, of whom 37.1% (n= 59) had a VA 8 greater than 0.1 logMAR. 37% of the children had significant ametropia, hyperopia: 18.87% and asthygmata: 18.24%. Only 23.3% of the children were average low in height and 19.8% in weight. No correlation was found between ametropia and anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: It is assumed that there is a probability that certain diverse risk factors may be found among the samples and some inherent traits in the population, among these we can highlight nutritional, genetic, coverage and health care characteristics, which alter the results obtained in our Project.
Among the most frequent causes of avoidable blindness and low vision are refractive disorders. Refractive errors, aptly called ametropia, are classified as those conditions in which, due to inadequate optical functioning, the eye is not able to provide an adequate image. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in children from the San Antonio Foundation, between 8 and 12 years old in the city of Bogotá D.C., who underwent visual screening and optometric evaluation of the children who required it. Visual disturbances were categorized according to the ICD.10 The anthropometric measurements were taken by nutritionists from the foundation, after which the categorization of shadows in the children was carried out. Results: A total of 159 children were examined, of whom 37.1% (n= 59) had a VA 8 greater than 0.1 logMAR. 37% of the children had significant ametropia, hyperopia: 18.87% and asthygmata: 18.24%. Only 23.3% of the children were average low in height and 19.8% in weight. No correlation was found between ametropia and anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: It is assumed that there is a probability that certain diverse risk factors may be found among the samples and some inherent traits in the population, among these we can highlight nutritional, genetic, coverage and health care characteristics, which alter the results obtained in our Project.
Palabras clave
Agudeza visual, Problemas de visión, Astigmatismo, Defectos refractivos, Investigaciones epidemiológicas, Desarrollo cognitivo