Evaluación in vitro e in vivo de la eficacia insecticida y/o repelente de extractos de sauco Sambucus nigra sobre moscas del género Haematobia irritans en bovinos en una finca de lechería especializada
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Fecha
2016
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medicina Veterinaria
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El control tradicional de las infestaciones por H. irritans en la ganadería bovina es una limitante mayor que genera efectos adversos desde el punto de vista económico, ambiental, en la salud animal y la salud pública. En este sentido es necesario diseñar diferentes estrategias que disminuyan los efectos negativos generados por los insecticidas y así conseguir un control más sostenible de esta especie de en los bovinos. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación, fue obtener diferentes tipos de extractos de Sauco (Sambucus nigra) y evaluar su efecto repelente in vitro e in vivo sobre una población de moscas de los cuernos (Haematobia irritan). Los bioensayos se desarrollaron en el Centro de Investigación TIBAITATÁ de CORPOICA, en el municipio de Mosquera. Se evaluaron extractos glicerinados e hidroglicólicos (dilución en propilenglicol - PG) de hojas y flores de Sauco. Cuatro diluciones preparadas a partir de un extracto puro tanto de flores como hojas fueron usados en ensayos de repelencia in vitro (10, 30, 60 y 90% y extracto puro) y tres diluciones fueron usados en ensayos de repelencia en ensayos in vivo (10, 50 y 90%). Los ensayos de repelencia in vitro se hicieron en un instrumento similar al diseñado por (Klauck et al., 2015) con cuatro observaciones en un periodo de 4 horas. Se realizaron ensayos por triplicado. Se demostró que los extractos de hojas y flores elaborados con propilenglicol tuvieron mejor efecto que los elaborados con glicerina. El porcentaje de repelencia obtenido en cualquiera de los tiempos de observación al usar glicerina como solvente no fue superior al 80%, mientras que si se lograron porcentajes de repelencia de hasta el 100% al usar propilenglicol. Dado que no hubo diferencias significativas entre el efecto de repelencia generado por el extracto de hojas y flores, ni entre las diluciones, los ensayos in vivo fueron realizados con hojas y flores mezcladas en las mismas proporciones. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tiempos y concentraciones de los extractos en los ensayos in vivo, pero sí mostrando un mejor efecto de los extractos con mayor concentración. Aunque, el uso de preparados vegetales de Sauco puede constituirse en una herramienta promisoria para el manejo de las infestaciones por H. irritans en bovinos, es necesario indagar en la evaluación de este efecto de compuestos en un grado de mayor purificación y poderlo incorporar en esquemas de control integrado de moscas.
The traditional control of horn flies is considered a major constrain in livestock production by generating adverse economic, environmental effects and negative impact on animal and public health. Due to this it is necessary to design alternate strategies in order to reduce the negative impact caused by insecticides. The main aim of this study was to assess the repellent effect of different type of plant extracts of Sambucus nigra on a horn fly (H. irritant) population. The in vivo and in vitro assays were performed in the Research Centre Tibaitatá of Corpoica, in the municipality of Mosquera. Glycerine and propylenglycol (PG) based extracts of flowers and leaves of S. nigrans were prepared in different dilutions or concentrations. Four different dilutions of an extract stock were assessed for in vitro repellent evaluations (10, 30, 60, 90%, and a stock) and on the other hand three dilutions (10, 50 y 90%) of the stock were used for the in vivo assays. The in vitro assays were developed in a repellent apparatus similar to the one used by Klauck et al. (2015), by recording four observations during a four-hour period. Assays by triplicate were done. It was shown that flowers and leaves extracts with PG produced better repellent effect than those made with glycerine. The repellent percentage obtained with glycerine was always lower than 80%, while the effect obtained with PG extracts were sometimes as high as 100%. Since there was no difference on the repellent effect between the flowers and leaves extracts, an equally proportionate extract made with flowers and leaves were used for the in vivo assays. There was no statistic significant difference between the time of exposures and the concentrations of the plant extracts in the in vivo assays. However, it was clearly shown that there was a higher repellent effect with extracts of high concentration. Besides the application of S. nigrans extract can be considered promissory for the control of H. irritans in cattle, it is necessary to evaluated more purified extracts of this plant in order to consider to incorporate it as a sustainable tool for the control of this plague in livestock.
The traditional control of horn flies is considered a major constrain in livestock production by generating adverse economic, environmental effects and negative impact on animal and public health. Due to this it is necessary to design alternate strategies in order to reduce the negative impact caused by insecticides. The main aim of this study was to assess the repellent effect of different type of plant extracts of Sambucus nigra on a horn fly (H. irritant) population. The in vivo and in vitro assays were performed in the Research Centre Tibaitatá of Corpoica, in the municipality of Mosquera. Glycerine and propylenglycol (PG) based extracts of flowers and leaves of S. nigrans were prepared in different dilutions or concentrations. Four different dilutions of an extract stock were assessed for in vitro repellent evaluations (10, 30, 60, 90%, and a stock) and on the other hand three dilutions (10, 50 y 90%) of the stock were used for the in vivo assays. The in vitro assays were developed in a repellent apparatus similar to the one used by Klauck et al. (2015), by recording four observations during a four-hour period. Assays by triplicate were done. It was shown that flowers and leaves extracts with PG produced better repellent effect than those made with glycerine. The repellent percentage obtained with glycerine was always lower than 80%, while the effect obtained with PG extracts were sometimes as high as 100%. Since there was no difference on the repellent effect between the flowers and leaves extracts, an equally proportionate extract made with flowers and leaves were used for the in vivo assays. There was no statistic significant difference between the time of exposures and the concentrations of the plant extracts in the in vivo assays. However, it was clearly shown that there was a higher repellent effect with extracts of high concentration. Besides the application of S. nigrans extract can be considered promissory for the control of H. irritans in cattle, it is necessary to evaluated more purified extracts of this plant in order to consider to incorporate it as a sustainable tool for the control of this plague in livestock.
Palabras clave
Control no químico, Control integrado de moscas, Extractos vegetales, Moscas hematófagas