Efecto de la fertilización y diámetro del material vegetativo sobre el crecimiento en vivero de Sambucus Nigra y Morus alba, con destino a sistemas silvopastoriles
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Zootecnia
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La investigación se realizó en la Universidad de la Sallé, donde se estableció un vivero con un área total de 165 mts2 de dos especies forrajeras con fines silvopastoriles Sauco (Sambucus nigra) y Morera (Morus alba), se emplearon 2400 estacas en total divididas en 1200 estacas por especie, aplicando un diseño estadístico completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 2x3, dos especies (Sambucus nigra y Morus alba) y tres tratamientos (T1 Biofertilizante, T2 Magnesil y T3 Control) y se efectuaron pruebas estadísticas utilizando comparación múltiple de Duncan, análisis estadístico descriptivo, de correlación y regresión lineal en el programa SAS Institute (1991), las variables evaluadas fueron crecimiento y desarrolló de la planta, variables ambientales, dasométricas, incidencia de plagas, deficiencias e incidencia de enfermedades. Los resultados evidenciaron al Sauco como especie con mejor crecimiento y desarrollo en las variables dasométricas: Diámetro al cuello de la raíz, número de hojas, nódulos nuevos, número de rebrotes con yema, número de rebrotes con hoja, número de rebrotes total (rebrotes con yema + rebrotes con hojas) y número de ramas (P0.05), sin embargo en las variables rebrotes con yema y rebrotes con hojas la aplicación de los tres tratamientos presentaron valores significativos entre si, donde el tratamiento T2 Magnesil presentó un mejor desarrollo de estas variables (P
Abstract
The Investigation was carried out in the SALLE UNIVERSITY, where we established nursery with an area of 165 square meters using two species of forages with a Silvopasture purposes: Elder (Sambucus nigra) and Mulberry (Morus alba), we used in total 2.400 stakes, divided in 1.200 stakes per each species, applying a random statistics model with factorial arrangement of 2x3, two kinds and three different treatments (T1 Biofertilizer, T2 Magnesil, T3 Control). Additional statistics test were made, using the multiple comparison of Duncan, descriptive correlation analysis and linear regret ion, using the SAS institute program (1991). The Evaluated variables were: Growth and development of the plant, environmental variables, dasometrics, and incidence of pests, deficiencies and diseases incidences. The results showed the Elder as the specie With better growth and development in the Dasometric Variables: Diameter in root collar, number of initials nodules and number of leaves, new nodules, number of shoots with bud, number of shoots with leaves, number of total shoots and number of branches, showing better answering to this variables not only in growth but also developing presented in a more early perio (P< 0.05). The Mulberry evidenced as the specie with lower growth and development to these variables in a longer time, with the exception to the high variable of the plant measured in centimeters months which presented better performance of the Elder (P< 0.05). The application of the fertilizer in nurseries for the evaluated species we did not find a significant results that can established any type of input or improvement for growth and development of plants (P< 0.05), but in the variables regrowth with bud and leaf regrowth the application of the three treatments showed significant results between them, where the T2 Magnesil treatment showed better development of these variables (P< 0.05). The incidence of pests showed higher results to the Elder without affecting the normal growth and development of the species in the nursery, showing a tolerance levels to this variable (P< 0.05). Regarding the diseases incidences there were no symptoms in plants. The treatments showed resistance and tolerance levels to the incidence of pests with higher values in the T1 Biofertilizer treatment (P< 0.05). During the evaluation phase there were some mineral deficiencies in crop that did not caused alterations in normal growth and development of the plants. In the implementation cost of the nursery we included cost of seedlings, building materials, plant, human resources and management of the nursery, showing a total value of cop 643.975 per harvest, profitable within a productive system reflected in the cost reduction per supply of food animal production. In the treatment cost there were not differences that can show a more profitable treatment compared with the other.
Palabras clave
Fertilizantes, Fermentación láctica, Productos lácteos, Morera, Alimentación animal, Vivero, Silvopastoreo, Especies forrajeras