Evaluación de la adición del 2% de fibra cruda concentrada en la dieta de lechones en la fase de preiniciación
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2009
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Zootecnia
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Como consecuencia de la tendencia actual en la producción porcina que se caracteriza por una disminución en la edad de destete ha generando manifestaciones y desequilibrios en el sistema digestivo del lechón; lo cual a su vez produce un desarrollo incompleto del mismo que favorece la proliferación de bacterias intestinales como efectos perjudiciales para el lechón, aumentando la susceptibilidad de estos a desórdenes digestivos, los cuales se manifiestan mediante aparición de diarreas. Para contrarrestar estos inconvenientes, se han utilizado diferentes productos entre los que se encuentran antibióticos promotores de crecimiento, acidificantes, o aditivos en las dietas; pero existe un gran interés en la inclusión de aditivos naturales, entre los que se incluye la fibra cruda, que es utilizada para el mejoramiento del tránsito y el aprovechamiento de nutrientes; además permite reducir la incidencia de diarrea, gracias a esta se conserva naturalmente la salud del sistema digestivo; esta se debe suministrar desde la etapa de lactancia como método de acostumbramiento y hasta 4 semanas iniciado el periodo de precebo. Por tal razón se desarrolló este estudio buscando analizar y comparar los efectos de la inclusión de fibra en la dieta de lechones; este se desarrolló en agropecuaria La Molienda granja ubicada en el municipio de Silvana a 2000 m.s.n.m y con una temperatura promedio de 19ºC y una humedad relativa del 85%. Para el cual se seleccionaron lechones desde el nacimiento con peso superior a 1000gr; posteriormente se conformaron 6 grupos de animales completamente al azar, se adiciono el 2% de fibra equivalente al 2% del total de cereales de la dieta, el seguimiento se realizo a través de registros básicos. Al finalizar 8 el estudio se observó que los lechones suplementados con fibra cruda disminuyeron en un 37,5% la incidencia de diarreas, consumieron 111,33Kg menos de alimento durante este periodo lo que equivale a un 13,37% menor consumo, obteniendo aún una ganancia superior promedio de 30gr/animal/día por lo que se obtuvo una menor conversión alimenticia en 0,29Kg alimento / Kg P.V ; permitiendo así proponer a la fibra cruda como una opción para optimizar algunos resultados durante la etapa de precebo. Se determinó que la inclusión de fibra cruda concentrada durante la etapa de mostró una reducción de los costos de producción en un 6,24% permitiendo comparar los ingresos recibidos con los costos de producción. Mostrando que el uso de la fibra cruda concentrada es favorable para la producción de cerdos en crecimiento.
The current trend in pig production has been characterized by a decrease in the age of weaning; in consequence it has generated imbalances in the piglet’s digestive system. This situation has been producing an incomplete development of that system, causing the proliferation of intestinal bacteria as damaging effects on the piglet, increasing susceptibility to these digestive disorders, which are manifested by occurrence of diarrhea. Different products have been used to lower the possibilities of having this issue including growth promoters, antibiotics, acidifiers or diet additives. However, there is a great interest in the inclusion of natural additives like raw fiber, which is used to improve the used of nutrients and reduces the incidences of diarrhea helping the natural health preservation of the digestive system. The new fiber should be provided during the piglet lactation stage as a method of habituation and up to four weeks post weaning. For this reason, this study was aimed to analyze and compare the effects of the inclusion of fiber in the piglets’ diet; it was developed at Agropecuaria La Molienda, a farm located in the town of Silvania at 2000 mts over the sea level, with an average temperature of 19 º C and a relative humidity of 85%. For that reason, there was a selection of newborn piglets with a weight higher than 1000gr. Subsequently, groups of 6 animals randomly chosen were formed, adding 2% of fiber equals to 2% of the total of cereal diet. This was monitored through Basic records. The final findings of the study showed that piglets fed with raw fiber decreased their incidence of diarrhea by 37.5%. They had 111.33kg less food during this period which represents a 13.37% less consumption, the average gain obtained was 30gr per animal/day. A lower feed rate was obtained, with a value of 0.29 kg feed / kg P.V. Allowing the crude fiber as an option to optimize results after weaning. A significant reduction in the production cost (6, 24%) was obtained when the crude fiber was included in the diet of piglets during their growing stage, which increased the total income. Therefore, the use (inclusion) of the crude fiber in the piglets diet was favorable for their growing.
The current trend in pig production has been characterized by a decrease in the age of weaning; in consequence it has generated imbalances in the piglet’s digestive system. This situation has been producing an incomplete development of that system, causing the proliferation of intestinal bacteria as damaging effects on the piglet, increasing susceptibility to these digestive disorders, which are manifested by occurrence of diarrhea. Different products have been used to lower the possibilities of having this issue including growth promoters, antibiotics, acidifiers or diet additives. However, there is a great interest in the inclusion of natural additives like raw fiber, which is used to improve the used of nutrients and reduces the incidences of diarrhea helping the natural health preservation of the digestive system. The new fiber should be provided during the piglet lactation stage as a method of habituation and up to four weeks post weaning. For this reason, this study was aimed to analyze and compare the effects of the inclusion of fiber in the piglets’ diet; it was developed at Agropecuaria La Molienda, a farm located in the town of Silvania at 2000 mts over the sea level, with an average temperature of 19 º C and a relative humidity of 85%. For that reason, there was a selection of newborn piglets with a weight higher than 1000gr. Subsequently, groups of 6 animals randomly chosen were formed, adding 2% of fiber equals to 2% of the total of cereal diet. This was monitored through Basic records. The final findings of the study showed that piglets fed with raw fiber decreased their incidence of diarrhea by 37.5%. They had 111.33kg less food during this period which represents a 13.37% less consumption, the average gain obtained was 30gr per animal/day. A lower feed rate was obtained, with a value of 0.29 kg feed / kg P.V. Allowing the crude fiber as an option to optimize results after weaning. A significant reduction in the production cost (6, 24%) was obtained when the crude fiber was included in the diet of piglets during their growing stage, which increased the total income. Therefore, the use (inclusion) of the crude fiber in the piglets diet was favorable for their growing.
Palabras clave
Alimentación y alimentos para cerdos, Crecimiento y desarrollo de cerdos, Lechones lactantes, Suplementos alimenticios para animales