Evaluación preliminar de la resistencia a los antihelmínticos en nemátodos gastrointestinales de ovinos y caprinos en el trópico colombiano mediante una prueba in vivo
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2012
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medicina Veterinaria
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Las enfermedades parasitarias representan el más grave problema sanitario en la ovinocultura y caprinocultura y pueden tornar inviable su crianza. Existe en Colombia un resurgimiento de la cría de ovinos y caprinos, dirigidos a la producción de leche y carne. Entonces, ha recobrado actualidad la problemática del control de helmintos parásitos internos, por la ausencia de nuevos compuestos para el control y la aparición de cepas de parásitos resistentes a los parasiticidas. En el país, aunque se sospecha que el fenómeno es diseminado, no existen reportes de su ocurrencia. El objetivo del estudio fue validar un protocolo de prueba para la determinación de resistencia a los antihelmínticos en pequeños rumiantes y aportar información sobre su ocurrencia en Colombia. Se validó la prueba de Reducción del Recuento de Huevos en Materia Fecal (RRHMF), prueba recomendada por la Asociación Mundial para el Avance de la Parasitología Veterinaria para determinar resistencia a los antihelmínticos, en cuatro fincas de cooperadores, criadores de ovinos y caprinos en diversas regiones de Colombia. La prueba se basa en exámenes y cultivos coprológicos pre y post tratamiento y usa grupos de seis animales por compuesto evaluado, en cada finca como unidad de trabajo. El nemátodo gástrico Haemonchus contortus fue el parásito más importante en todas las fincas seguido en algunas fincas por Trichostrongylus spp. Diversos grados de resistencia a los benzimidazoles se detectaron en todas las fincas evaluadas, pero también hubo evidencia de resistencia a las lactonas macrocíclicas e imidazotiazoles. Siendo el uso de antihelmínticos en las fincas de tipo caótico., principalmente en helmintos de pequeños rumiantes comprobándose en Colombia la validez del método. Se requiere capacitar principalmente a médicos veterinarios en el uso de esta prueba para racionalizar el uso de parasiticidas.
Parasitic diseases represent the most serious health problem in the goat and sheep production system and can turn unviable their raising. In Colombia there is a resurgence of sheep and goats, led to the production of milk and meat. So, the problem of parasite control for worms has regained importance, due to the absence of new compounds for the control and the appearance of strains of the parasites resistant to parasiticides. In the country, although it is suspected that the phenomenon is widespread, there are no reports of its occurrence. The aim of this study was to validate a test protocol for the determination of resistance to anthelmintics in small ruminants and provide information on its occurrence in Colombia. The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), which is the test recommended by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, was validated to determine resistance to anthelmintics in four cooperator farms, breeders of sheep and goats in various regions of Colombia. The test is based on coprologic examination and and stool cultures before and after treatment, and use groups of six animals per compound evaluated on each farm, as a working unit. The gastric nematode Haemonchus contortus was most important parasite also the Trichostrongylus axei in the various farms. Varying degrees of resistance to benzimidazoles were detected in all the farms evaluated, but there was also evidence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and imidazothiazoles. The use of anthelmintics in farms is chaotic. We confirmed the existence of benzimidazole resistance in helminths of small ruminants in Colombia and corroborated the validity of the method. Training is requerid primarily to veterinarians in the use of this test to rationalize the use of paresiticides.
Parasitic diseases represent the most serious health problem in the goat and sheep production system and can turn unviable their raising. In Colombia there is a resurgence of sheep and goats, led to the production of milk and meat. So, the problem of parasite control for worms has regained importance, due to the absence of new compounds for the control and the appearance of strains of the parasites resistant to parasiticides. In the country, although it is suspected that the phenomenon is widespread, there are no reports of its occurrence. The aim of this study was to validate a test protocol for the determination of resistance to anthelmintics in small ruminants and provide information on its occurrence in Colombia. The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), which is the test recommended by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, was validated to determine resistance to anthelmintics in four cooperator farms, breeders of sheep and goats in various regions of Colombia. The test is based on coprologic examination and and stool cultures before and after treatment, and use groups of six animals per compound evaluated on each farm, as a working unit. The gastric nematode Haemonchus contortus was most important parasite also the Trichostrongylus axei in the various farms. Varying degrees of resistance to benzimidazoles were detected in all the farms evaluated, but there was also evidence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and imidazothiazoles. The use of anthelmintics in farms is chaotic. We confirmed the existence of benzimidazole resistance in helminths of small ruminants in Colombia and corroborated the validity of the method. Training is requerid primarily to veterinarians in the use of this test to rationalize the use of paresiticides.
Palabras clave
Helmintos, Parásitos internos, Ovino, Caprino, Resistencia a los antihelmínticos