Evaluación del desempeño de un reactor anaerobio de lecho expandido a escala laboratorio con agua residual de una industria de vinos en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C
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2004
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria
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En este proyecto, se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación de un reactor anaerobio de lecho expandido EGSB a escala piloto con agua residual previamente acondicionada de una industria de vinos en la ciudad de Bogotá, mediante la ejecución de tres etapas de operación: etapa de arranque, etapa de funcionamiento a condiciones de diseño y etapas experimentales. Para el desarrollo de las diferentes etapas se monitorearon varios parámetros relacionados con el agua residual, el lodo y el reactor, los cuales permitieron establecer el comportamiento de los microorganismos frente a las diferentes condiciones de operación. En la etapa de arranque fue necesario inocular lodo de buena calidad, al cual se le aplicaron diferentes velocidades ascensionales con el fin de permitir la selección del mismo y mejorar las condiciones de sedimentabilidad, de tal manera que se disminuyera el tiempo de arranque del reactor, el cual resulta ser una de las desventajas de los reactores anaerobios frente a los aerobios. En la etapa de funcionamiento a condiciones de diseño se operó el reactor bajo las condiciones teóricas, obteniéndose eficiencias hasta del 65% en remoción de DQO. Finalmente se realizaron tres etapas experimentales con el ánimo de aumentar las eficiencias; en la primera, variando la concentración de DQO, en la segunda variando el caudal y por último se buscó con las mejores condiciones de las dos etapas anteriores, con el fin de encontrar las condiciones óptimas de operación del reactor y compararlas con las de diseño para el tratamiento del agua residual de la industria de vinos. Las eficiencias logradas superaron el 90%.
In this project, the results of the evaluation of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor of EGSB are shown on a pilot plant with previously conditioned waste water coming from a wine industry in the city of Bogotá. Three operation stages were considered: startup, operation stage at design conditions, and experimental stage. For the development of the different stages several parameters related to the waste water were monitored, as well as the sludge and the reactor, which established the behaviour of the microorganisms at different operation conditions. In the start-up stage it was necessary to inoculate sludge of good quality, to which different ascending velocities were applied in order to allow its selection and to improve the settling conditions, in such a way that the start-up of the reactor was decreased, which turns out to be one of the disadvantages of the anaerobic reactors compared to the aerobic reactors. In the operation stage at design conditions the reactor was operated under theoretical conditions, obtaining efficiencies up to 65% in COD removal. Finally, three experimental stages were carried out in order to increase the efficiencies; the first one, varying the COD concentration, the second one varying the flow, and lastly, the best conditions of the two previous stages, were taken into account in order to find the best conditions of operation of the reactor and to compare them with those used in the design of the wastewater treatment for the wine industry. The achieved efficiencies overcame a figure of 90%
In this project, the results of the evaluation of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor of EGSB are shown on a pilot plant with previously conditioned waste water coming from a wine industry in the city of Bogotá. Three operation stages were considered: startup, operation stage at design conditions, and experimental stage. For the development of the different stages several parameters related to the waste water were monitored, as well as the sludge and the reactor, which established the behaviour of the microorganisms at different operation conditions. In the start-up stage it was necessary to inoculate sludge of good quality, to which different ascending velocities were applied in order to allow its selection and to improve the settling conditions, in such a way that the start-up of the reactor was decreased, which turns out to be one of the disadvantages of the anaerobic reactors compared to the aerobic reactors. In the operation stage at design conditions the reactor was operated under theoretical conditions, obtaining efficiencies up to 65% in COD removal. Finally, three experimental stages were carried out in order to increase the efficiencies; the first one, varying the COD concentration, the second one varying the flow, and lastly, the best conditions of the two previous stages, were taken into account in order to find the best conditions of operation of the reactor and to compare them with those used in the design of the wastewater treatment for the wine industry. The achieved efficiencies overcame a figure of 90%
Palabras clave
Reactor anaeróbico, Agua residual