Evaluación de la percepción y prácticas en salud ocupacional asociadas a zoonosis en talento humano de instituciones zoológicas de Cundinamarca
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Fecha
2014
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medicina Veterinaria
Descripción
Los médicos veterinarios, biólogos, zootecnistas y demás personal involucrado en el manejo de animales silvestres, tienen un alto riesgo de contagio con patógenos a través de diferentes fuentes, entre las que se encuentran heces, sangre y diferentes secreciones o fluidos que pueden ocasionar el desarrollo de enfermedades zoonóticas, generando un riesgo y problema a nivel poblacional. De igual forma, se pueden presentar accidentes ocupacionales por el mal manejo de medidas de bioseguridad o por desconocimiento de ellas, que finalmente afecten la salud física y mental de la persona involucrada. En la actualidad, no se cuenta en Colombia con estudios sobre el conocimiento de la percepción del personal involucrado en el manejo de animales silvestres en condiciones ex situ (en cautiverio) con relación a las normas o medidas de bioseguridad, la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas y los accidentes ocupacionales. Por lo tanto, es importante evaluar el nivel de conocimiento que posee el personal con relación a los puntos anteriormente mencionados, la frecuencia en la presentación de accidentes laborales y/o de enfermedades zoonóticas, determinar la existencia de la capacitación al respecto y las prácticas de bioseguridad que manejan. Para tal fin, se hizo uso de una encuesta semi-estructurada a cada una de las personas involucradas en el manejo de estos animales en la Institución Zoológica de Piscilago y así se obtuvo la información y se conoció la percepción de los aspectos a evaluar y a su vez se realizó una evaluación visual de los recintos por parte de las investigadoras, para complementar con las respuestas obtenidas en las encuestas. Con esta investigación, finalmente, se determinó la percepción que tiene el personal con relación a las medidas de bioseguridad, transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas y accidentes ocupacionales, las falencias o no que poseen con relación a los conceptos básicos y la frecuencia de presentación tanto de enfermedades zoonóticas como de accidentes laborales, para así mismo implementar medidas de prevención y capacitación al personal encargado.
Veterinarians, biologists, scientists and other personnel involved in the handling of wild animals, have a high risk of infection with pathogens from different sources, which include feces, blood and different secretions or fluids that can cause the development of zoonotic diseases, generating a risk and problem at the population. Similarly, occupational accidents due to the poor management of biosecurity measures or ignorance of them, finally affecting the physical and mental health of the person involved may occur. At present, there are not studies about the knowledge and perception that personnel involved in the management of wild animals in conditions ex – situ (in captivity) may have about the standards or measures of biosafety, the transmission of zoonotic diseases and occupational accidents in Colombia. Therefore, it is important to assess the level of knowledge that the staff has in relation to the points referred to above, the frequency in the presentation of accidents and/or zoonotic diseases, determine the existence of the training and practices of biosafety that handle. For this purpose, a semi-structured survey was asked to each of the people involved in the handling of these animals in the Zoological institution of Piscilago and that way the information was obtained and the aspects of perception of all the aspects evaluated; at the same time, a visual evaluation was made of the different sections to complement the information obtained on the surveys. With this research, It was determined the perception that staff has in relation to measures of biosafety, transmission of zoonotic diseases and occupational accidents, the shortcomings or not related to the basic concepts and the frequency of submission of zoonotic diseases and accidents at work, so they can implement measures of prevention and trained the personnel.
Veterinarians, biologists, scientists and other personnel involved in the handling of wild animals, have a high risk of infection with pathogens from different sources, which include feces, blood and different secretions or fluids that can cause the development of zoonotic diseases, generating a risk and problem at the population. Similarly, occupational accidents due to the poor management of biosecurity measures or ignorance of them, finally affecting the physical and mental health of the person involved may occur. At present, there are not studies about the knowledge and perception that personnel involved in the management of wild animals in conditions ex – situ (in captivity) may have about the standards or measures of biosafety, the transmission of zoonotic diseases and occupational accidents in Colombia. Therefore, it is important to assess the level of knowledge that the staff has in relation to the points referred to above, the frequency in the presentation of accidents and/or zoonotic diseases, determine the existence of the training and practices of biosafety that handle. For this purpose, a semi-structured survey was asked to each of the people involved in the handling of these animals in the Zoological institution of Piscilago and that way the information was obtained and the aspects of perception of all the aspects evaluated; at the same time, a visual evaluation was made of the different sections to complement the information obtained on the surveys. With this research, It was determined the perception that staff has in relation to measures of biosafety, transmission of zoonotic diseases and occupational accidents, the shortcomings or not related to the basic concepts and the frequency of submission of zoonotic diseases and accidents at work, so they can implement measures of prevention and trained the personnel.
Palabras clave
Zoonosis, Transmisores de enfermedades, Medidas de bioseguridad