Diseño y aplicación de un programa de buenas prácticas de ordeño para mejorar la calidad higiénica de la leche en hatos de la Sabana de Bogotá
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2009
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Zootecnia
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En este trabajo de grado se realizó un programa de buenas prácticas de ordeño para medianos productores (100 vacas en ordeño constante) en la Sabana de Bogotá. Seleccionando fincas como modelos representativos, en las que se realizaron visitas de caracterización donde se observaron las rutinas de ordeño para evaluar la calidad higiénica de la leche producida. Se trabajó con siete fincas Identificando los puntos débiles de los procesos de cada una de estas, con los que se elaboró un manual donde se muestra de forma sencilla y detallada como se puede obtener una leche de buena calidad. Teniendo definidas las principales problemáticas se hicieron visitas a las fincas donde se realizaron capacitaciones constantes, insistiendo en el manual “obtener una leche de buena calidad”. Se hizo un seguimiento estratégico donde se evalúo el impacto del programa por medio de los resultados facilitados por las plantas pasterizadoras (células somáticas y UFC). Se utilizo análisis de varianza y estadística descriptiva, observando que las capacitaciones en finca tienen un impacto positivo al ver resultados con disminuciones significativas de células somáticas y UFC; las cuales se reflejan en mejoras en la calidad higiénica de la leche y por ende obtener beneficios económicos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la adopción de prácticas correctas en el ordeño incide en la producción de leche con calidad higiénica que a su vez tiene una relación directa con el pago por parte de las pasterizadoras, las cuales se rigen por normas establecidas y estándares de calidad.
This thesis was made as a program of adequate milking routines, aimed to middle size producers (100 milking cows) at the Sabana de Bogotá. There were picked farms as a representative models, where were made characterization visits in order to observe the milking routines and evaluate the hygienic quality of the milk. The practice was made in seven farms indentifying the failures in the process of each one, based on this, was developed a guide that explains in an easy and detailed way the process to obtain a good quality milk. By the identification of the main problems of the milking process in the farms were made qualification process using the guide of the process to obtain good quality milk. Besides it was made a monitoring where the impact of the program was evaluated through the results of the summoned by the pasteurization plant (somatic cells and UHF). Descriptive statistic was used to analyze that the qualifying process had a positive impact, verifying an important reduction of the somatic cells and UHF, which is reflected in an economic growth and a health improvement.
This thesis was made as a program of adequate milking routines, aimed to middle size producers (100 milking cows) at the Sabana de Bogotá. There were picked farms as a representative models, where were made characterization visits in order to observe the milking routines and evaluate the hygienic quality of the milk. The practice was made in seven farms indentifying the failures in the process of each one, based on this, was developed a guide that explains in an easy and detailed way the process to obtain a good quality milk. By the identification of the main problems of the milking process in the farms were made qualification process using the guide of the process to obtain good quality milk. Besides it was made a monitoring where the impact of the program was evaluated through the results of the summoned by the pasteurization plant (somatic cells and UHF). Descriptive statistic was used to analyze that the qualifying process had a positive impact, verifying an important reduction of the somatic cells and UHF, which is reflected in an economic growth and a health improvement.
Palabras clave
Ordeño de vacas, Enfermedades de las vacas, Control de enfermedades, Mastitis bovina