Evaluación de los parámetros zootécnicos en porcinos bajo tres sistemas de comedero durante la etapa de precebo
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2007
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Zootecnia
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El propósito de la presente investigación fue evaluar los efectos que producen tres sistemas de comedero diferentes sobre la ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, consumo de alimento, homogeneidad de los lotes e impacto económico de éstos para el productor, en la etapa de posdestete. El estudio se realizó en la Granja San Miguel ubicada en Chía, Cundinamarca, se utilizan 90 lechones de la misma línea genética alojados en jaulones bajo un sistema de confinamiento, se llevó control del alimento suministrado, peso al destete, peso a los 21 días postdestete y peso final luego de permanecer 41 días en el jaulón así como también el tiempo empleado en el suministro de alimento para cada comedero. Los datos fueron procesados bajo un diseño estadístico en bloques completamente al azar donde se asignaron las 90 unidades experimentales en tres tratamientos: To: comedero tipo canoa (restringido), T1: Comedero TR-5 (a voluntad), T2: Comedero tipo tolva circular (a voluntad) con una asignación de 10 cerdos por lote y 3 réplicas por cada tratamiento. Para los parámetros zootécnicos estudiados no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tratamientos (p>0.05) en ninguna de las 2 fases de experimentación es decir durante el período total de precebo (día 21 a 63 de vida). Se concluye que el sistema de comedero para cerdos en la etapa de posdestete en sistemas de confinamiento no altera significativamente los parámetros productivos de los lotes, sin embargo, la homogeneidad de los pesos al finalizar el estudio mostró una tendencia favorable sobre los sistemas de comedero automáticos donde los lotes más homogéneos se obtuvieron con el T2 comedero tipo tolva circular pese a esto el T1 mostró menor cantidad de lechones retrasados lo cual favorece notablemente el posterior desarrollo del lote. El tratamiento que mostró mayor heterogeneidad de los lotes fue el To (comedero tipo canoa), ya que en sistemas de alimentación restringida los cerdos menos hábiles tienen menor posibilidad de consumo por lo tanto presentarán menores rendimientos, dando como resultado lotes menos homogéneos que perjudicarán el promedio de los resultados para el resto del grupo, adicionalmente, lotes heterogéneos afectan el manejo de éstos en etapas posteriores y el proceso de comercialización se dificultará. Frente al análisis económico en el presente estudio el T1 (TR-5) reportó 46% más de utilidades que el T0 (canoa) y 13% más que el T2 (tolva circular) encontrándose la mayor rentabilidad para el T1 con 23.8% de margen, mientras el T2 con 20.4% de rentabilidad y el T0 con 12.7% el cual representó la menor rentabilidad.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of three different trough systems about weight gain, nutritional conversion, food intake, homogenization of lots and the economic impact of these on the producer in the post weaning stage. The study was carry out in the San Miguel´s farm located in Chía, Cundinamarca, used 90 piglets of the same genetic line, kept in cages under a system of confinement, there was control of food provided, weight to the weaning, weight to 21 days post-weaning and final weight after remaining 41 days in cages as well as the time used in the food provision for each trough. The data were processed under a statistical design in blocks completely random where were assigned 90 experimental units in three treatments T0: trough type canoe (restricted), T1: trough TR-5 (to will), T2: trough circular type hopper (to will) with an assigning of 10 piglets by lot and 3 retorts by each treatment. For the animal science parameters studied there were not significant statistical differences between treatments (p>0,05) in neither of the 2 phases of experimentation meaning that during the total period of prebait (day 21 to 63 of life). As a conclusion the trough system to pigs in post weaning stage in confinement systems do not alter the productive parameters of the lots, however, the homogeneity of the weights at the end of the study showed a favorable tendency about automatic trough systems where the most homogenous lots were obtained with the T2 trough type circular hopper in spite of it the T1 showed a minor amount of delayed piglets which remarkably favors the later development of the lot. The treatment that showed greater heterogeneity of the lots was the T0 (trough type canoe), because in restricted feeding systems the less capable pigs have minor consumption possibility, therefore, they will present minors yields, giving as a result lots less homogenous it will harm the average of the results for the rest of the group; additionally heterogeneous lots affect the handling of it in later stages and the commercialization process will become difficult. In front of the economic analysis in the present study T1 (TR-5) reported 46% more of utilities than to (canoe) and 13% more than the T2 (circular hopper) being the greatest yield for the T1 with 23,8% of margin, while the T2 with 20,4% of yield and with 12,7% which represented the smallest yield.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of three different trough systems about weight gain, nutritional conversion, food intake, homogenization of lots and the economic impact of these on the producer in the post weaning stage. The study was carry out in the San Miguel´s farm located in Chía, Cundinamarca, used 90 piglets of the same genetic line, kept in cages under a system of confinement, there was control of food provided, weight to the weaning, weight to 21 days post-weaning and final weight after remaining 41 days in cages as well as the time used in the food provision for each trough. The data were processed under a statistical design in blocks completely random where were assigned 90 experimental units in three treatments T0: trough type canoe (restricted), T1: trough TR-5 (to will), T2: trough circular type hopper (to will) with an assigning of 10 piglets by lot and 3 retorts by each treatment. For the animal science parameters studied there were not significant statistical differences between treatments (p>0,05) in neither of the 2 phases of experimentation meaning that during the total period of prebait (day 21 to 63 of life). As a conclusion the trough system to pigs in post weaning stage in confinement systems do not alter the productive parameters of the lots, however, the homogeneity of the weights at the end of the study showed a favorable tendency about automatic trough systems where the most homogenous lots were obtained with the T2 trough type circular hopper in spite of it the T1 showed a minor amount of delayed piglets which remarkably favors the later development of the lot. The treatment that showed greater heterogeneity of the lots was the T0 (trough type canoe), because in restricted feeding systems the less capable pigs have minor consumption possibility, therefore, they will present minors yields, giving as a result lots less homogenous it will harm the average of the results for the rest of the group; additionally heterogeneous lots affect the handling of it in later stages and the commercialization process will become difficult. In front of the economic analysis in the present study T1 (TR-5) reported 46% more of utilities than to (canoe) and 13% more than the T2 (circular hopper) being the greatest yield for the T1 with 23,8% of margin, while the T2 with 20,4% of yield and with 12,7% which represented the smallest yield.
Palabras clave
Ganado porcino, Cría y manejo, Nutrición de lechones, Alimentos y alimentación de lechones