Evaluación de un humedal de flujo sub-superficial utilizando papiro (Cyperus papyrus) para el tratamiento de agua residual doméstica como alternativa complementaria a un pozo séptico en complejos habitacionales
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Fecha
2017
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria
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Los tanques sépticos en Colombia se usan como alternativa de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas principalmente en complejos habitacionales, fincas y casas veredales. Sin embargo, estos sistemas presentan eficiencias bajas en remoción de materia orgánica y los compuestos en élla contenidos. Es así como se implementan, desde hace algunos años, los filtros anaerobios como tratamientos complementarios. En este proyecto se presenta otra alternativa que complementa el sistema de pozo séptico con el fin de mejorar la calidad del agua a verter y poder cumplir con la normatividad actual vigente (Resolución 0631/2015) de tal manera que se contribuya con la preservación del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este proyecto es evaluar el comportamiento de un sistema tanque séptico-humedal artificial como tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas, utilizando Papiro (Cyperus papyrus) como especie macrófita. La especie Cyperus papyrus se ha empleado principalmente como planta ornamental, pero de acuerdo a estudios realizados se ha establecido que se puede utilizar como especie remediadora de cuerpos de agua con presencia de contaminantes. El proyecto se desarrolló en un complejo habitacional perteneciente al Condominio Campestre BALCONES DE BUENA VISTA en el municipio de Cajicá-Cundinamarca con las coordenadas geográficas N 4°57’12,8” y E 74°01’40,4”, en el que se le realizó un seguimiento y evaluación del comportamiento del sistema xv tanque séptico-humedal artificial por medio de mediciones analíticas de diferentes parámetros: Fósforo Total, Nitrógeno total, DQO, DBO5 y SST. El Cyperus papyrus como especie macrófita demostró eficiencias de remoción altas de DQO, DBO5 y SST (84 %, 87 % y 90%) en tiempos de arranque cortos (durante un periodo de 35 días). Con respecto al diseño propuesto los resultados fueron satisfactorios teniendo en cuenta que el tiempo de retención del sistema propuesto fue menor a 2 días. Adicionalmente, los requerimientos de área fueron un 76% menor al área ocupada por el tanque séptico estudiado en esta investigación, lo que hace que el humedal de flujo sub-superficial sea una alternativa atractiva y accesible con respecto a los sistemas que actualmente ofrece el mercado posicionándose en un nivel medio (eficiencias altas, costos bajos), con un valor estético adicional que no ofrece ninguna otra alternativa actual
In Colombia septic tanks are mainly used as an alternative for domestic wastewater treatment in housing estates, farms and village homes. However, these wastewater treatment systems have low efficiencies in the removal of organic matter and other compounds. That is why, in recent years it has been implemented anaerobic filters as complementary treatments. Another alternative is shown in this project complementing the septic system, in order to improve the quality of the pouring water and to achieve the actual regulations (Res. 0631/2015), and thus contribute to the environment preservation especially the water resource. The objective of this project is to evaluate the behavior of the septic tank- artificial wetland system for the domestic wastewater treatment using Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) as a macrophyte species. The species Cyperus papyrus has been mainly used as an ornamental plant, but according to studies it has been established that it can be used as a remediation species for polluted wastewater. The project will be develop in the “Balcones de Buena Vista” holiday house complex located in Cajicá- Cundinamarca with the geographical coordinates N 4th 57'12,8 " and E 74 ° 01'40,4 ", in which it was be performed monitoring and evaluation of the performance of septic tank- artificial wetland system through analytical measurement of different parameters: total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, COD, BOD5 and TSS. Cyperus papyrus as a macrophyte species demonstrated the high removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5 and SST (84%, 87% and 90%) at short start time (during a 35 days period). With respect to the proposed design the satisfactory results taking into account that the retention time of the system is less than 2 days. Additionally, the area requirements was 76% less than the area occupied by the septic tank studied in the investigation what makes the sub-surface flow wetland an attractive and accessible alternative with respect to the systems that currently offer the market xvii positioning in a Medium level (high efficiency, low cost), with an additional aesthetic value that offers no other real alternative
In Colombia septic tanks are mainly used as an alternative for domestic wastewater treatment in housing estates, farms and village homes. However, these wastewater treatment systems have low efficiencies in the removal of organic matter and other compounds. That is why, in recent years it has been implemented anaerobic filters as complementary treatments. Another alternative is shown in this project complementing the septic system, in order to improve the quality of the pouring water and to achieve the actual regulations (Res. 0631/2015), and thus contribute to the environment preservation especially the water resource. The objective of this project is to evaluate the behavior of the septic tank- artificial wetland system for the domestic wastewater treatment using Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) as a macrophyte species. The species Cyperus papyrus has been mainly used as an ornamental plant, but according to studies it has been established that it can be used as a remediation species for polluted wastewater. The project will be develop in the “Balcones de Buena Vista” holiday house complex located in Cajicá- Cundinamarca with the geographical coordinates N 4th 57'12,8 " and E 74 ° 01'40,4 ", in which it was be performed monitoring and evaluation of the performance of septic tank- artificial wetland system through analytical measurement of different parameters: total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, COD, BOD5 and TSS. Cyperus papyrus as a macrophyte species demonstrated the high removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5 and SST (84%, 87% and 90%) at short start time (during a 35 days period). With respect to the proposed design the satisfactory results taking into account that the retention time of the system is less than 2 days. Additionally, the area requirements was 76% less than the area occupied by the septic tank studied in the investigation what makes the sub-surface flow wetland an attractive and accessible alternative with respect to the systems that currently offer the market xvii positioning in a Medium level (high efficiency, low cost), with an additional aesthetic value that offers no other real alternative
Palabras clave
Conservación de humedales, Calidad del agua - Control, Tratamiendo de aguas residuales, Tanques sépticos