Esquema complementario de pago por servicios ambientales orientado a la recuperación antrópica de áreas de importancia estratégica para la conservación de recursos hídricos
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Fecha
2017
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria
Descripción
El Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) se ha implementado como una estrategia en las zonas que mantienen aún áreas en buen estado de conservación natural, debido a que actualmente el Decreto 0953 de 2013 hace énfasis en la conservación de Áreas de Importancia Estratégicas (AIE) asociadas al recurso hídrico, las cuales son identificadas, delimitadas y priorizadas por la autoridad ambiental competente. Así mismo existe la necesidad de acciones que no solo involucren la conservación sino también restauración dentro de estas áreas, a causa de las elevadas cifras de suelos degradados que se han generado en los últimos años, ya que según el Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) en su libro Suelos y Tierras de Colombia, actualmente el 40% del suelo del país ya tiene algún grado de erosión, mientras que un 15% está afectado por la sobrecarga de ganado (IGAC I. G., 2015), como es el caso de Cundinamarca que se encuentra entre los diez departamentos del país con mayor sobrecarga agropecuaria con el 33,3% de su área sobreutilizada (IGAC, 2017), por esto radica la importancia de la aplicación del incentivo para la recuperación de AIE, debido a que existen áreas que bajo procesos de rehabilitación podrían ser parte de incentivos económicos como los estipulados actualmente en la normatividad referente a los PSA, pues este representa un aporte importante a la disminución del riesgo asociado a la pérdida de calidad o abundancia de los recursos hídricos del país. Este proyecto de grado está orientado a la identificación geo-espacial y priorización de AIE asociadas a procesos de degradación en los municipios de la cuenca alta del Río Bogotá, por medio de herramientas informáticas tipo Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y productos de sensores remotos, permitiendo la integración de información, superposición y análisis de datos, y a partir de esto, se definió el área dentro de los municipios de estudio en la que es más efectiva aplicar el ejercicio de valoración económica, centralizando la búsqueda del predio donde se evaluó el área que ha sido sometida a procesos de degradación junto con la manera de calcular un PSA como instrumento pertinente para contrarrestar el impacto al recurso hídrico. Por otra parte, se formuló un método complementario al esquema actual de PSA para la conservación del recurso hídrico, el cual se enfoca en el pago del incentivo también en aquellas zonas que requieren procesos de recuperación y rehabilitación de los suelos que han sido degradados, para ello se buscó que sean más los propietarios de territorios rurales los que puedan acogerse a esta estrategia. En definitiva, el proyecto de grado permitió identificar la importancia de abordar nuevas iniciativas en asuntos ambientales que aporten a un PSA más incluyente para efectuar acciones de preservación y recuperación, buscando mitigar áreas sometidas a procesos de degradación contribuyendo así, al equilibrio entre los recursos naturales y las necesidades humanas
Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has been implemented as a strategy in areas that still maintain areas in good natural conservation status, because currently Decree 0953 of 2013 emphasizes the conservation of Areas of Strategic Importance (ASI) associated to the water resource, which are identified, delimited and prioritized by the competent environmental authority. There is also a need for actions that not only involve conservation but also restoration within these areas, because of the high levels of degraded soils that have been generated in recent years, as according to the Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) in his book “Soils and Lands of Colombia”, now the 40% of the soil of the country already has some degree of erosion, while 15% is affected by cattle overload (IGAC IG, 2015), as in the case of Cundinamarca, it is among the ten departments of the country with the greatest agricultural overload with 33.3% of its area overused (IGAC, 2017). This is why it is important to apply the incentive for the recovery of ASI, because there are areas that rehabilitation processes could be part of economic incentives as currently stipulated in the PES regulations, and this represents an important contribution to the decrease of the risk associated with the loss of quality or abundance of the country's water resources. This degree project is oriented to the geo-spatial identification and prioritization of ASIs associated with degradation processes in the municipalities of the upper basin of the Bogota River, using information technology tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing products , allowing the integration of information, overlapping and data analysis, and from this, established the area within the municipalities of study in which it is more effective to apply the economic valuation exercise, centralizing the search of the property where the an area that has been subject to degradation processes along with the way of calculating a PES as a relevant instrument to counteract the impact to the water resource. On the other hand, a complementary method was formulated to the present scheme of PES for the conservation of the water resource, which focuses on the payment of the incentive also in those zones that require processes of recovery and rehabilitation of the degraded soils, to it was sought that the more the owners of rural territories be able to avail themselves of this strategy. In short, the degree project allowed the identification of the importance of addressing new initiatives in environmental matters that contribute to a more inclusive PES to carry out preservation and recovery actions, seeking to mitigate areas subject to degradation processes, thereby contributing to the balance between natural resources and human needs
Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has been implemented as a strategy in areas that still maintain areas in good natural conservation status, because currently Decree 0953 of 2013 emphasizes the conservation of Areas of Strategic Importance (ASI) associated to the water resource, which are identified, delimited and prioritized by the competent environmental authority. There is also a need for actions that not only involve conservation but also restoration within these areas, because of the high levels of degraded soils that have been generated in recent years, as according to the Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) in his book “Soils and Lands of Colombia”, now the 40% of the soil of the country already has some degree of erosion, while 15% is affected by cattle overload (IGAC IG, 2015), as in the case of Cundinamarca, it is among the ten departments of the country with the greatest agricultural overload with 33.3% of its area overused (IGAC, 2017). This is why it is important to apply the incentive for the recovery of ASI, because there are areas that rehabilitation processes could be part of economic incentives as currently stipulated in the PES regulations, and this represents an important contribution to the decrease of the risk associated with the loss of quality or abundance of the country's water resources. This degree project is oriented to the geo-spatial identification and prioritization of ASIs associated with degradation processes in the municipalities of the upper basin of the Bogota River, using information technology tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing products , allowing the integration of information, overlapping and data analysis, and from this, established the area within the municipalities of study in which it is more effective to apply the economic valuation exercise, centralizing the search of the property where the an area that has been subject to degradation processes along with the way of calculating a PES as a relevant instrument to counteract the impact to the water resource. On the other hand, a complementary method was formulated to the present scheme of PES for the conservation of the water resource, which focuses on the payment of the incentive also in those zones that require processes of recovery and rehabilitation of the degraded soils, to it was sought that the more the owners of rural territories be able to avail themselves of this strategy. In short, the degree project allowed the identification of the importance of addressing new initiatives in environmental matters that contribute to a more inclusive PES to carry out preservation and recovery actions, seeking to mitigate areas subject to degradation processes, thereby contributing to the balance between natural resources and human needs
Palabras clave
Pago por servicios ambientales, Conservación recurso hídrico, Cálculo del incentivo, Servicios ecosistémicos, Payment for environmental services, Water resource conservation, Incentive calculation, Ecosystem services, Desarrollo de recursos hídricos - Aspectos ambientales, Conservación de los recursos naturales, Deterioro ambiental, Water resources development - Environmental aspects, Conservation of natural resources, Environmental degradation