Evaluación de la percepción visual en pacientes con Trastornos de Hiperactividad y Déficit de Atención (TDAH). Una prueba piloto
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2023
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Descripción
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es una afección psiquiátrica neuroconductual que se clasifica en falta de atención, hiperactividad o impulsividad, se ha evidenciado que presenta menores volúmenes subcorticales con lo cual se asocia a las alteraciones del procesamiento visual. La visopercepción requiere la conexión de la atención y la actividad motora e integridad cortical cerebral para interpretar, discriminar y reconocer los estímulos visuales, siendo parte fundamental para el desarrollo de las habilidades visoperceptivas del niño. Los pacientes diagnosticados con TDAH pueden presentar fallos en los procesos cognitivos lo que conlleva a una ineficacia visual, originada por disfunciones en el mecanismo binocular interfiriendo en el funcionamiento inadecuado del sistema de atención selectivo y en el proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de la percepción visual en pacientes con Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa, de corte transversal, observacional descriptivo. Se evaluaron 20 niños con diagnóstico de TDAH y 21 niños de control que asistieron a la clínica optométrica de la Universidad De La Salle, a los cuales se realizó la prueba TVPS-3 con su mejor corrección visual, esta prueba consistió en 7 subtest los cuales dieron como resultado un puntaje determinado que fue registrado en una hoja de cálculo Excel para el análisis estadística descriptiva e inferencial, se tuvo en cuenta las variables estudiadas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes, 21 de control y 20 pacientes con TDAH, con un 75% femenino y 25% masculino correspondientes al grupo control, el grupo de TDAH femenino 33% y un 67% masculino. Se analizaron 7 habilidades visoperceptuales las cuales se encontraron dentro del promedio, a excepción de la habilidad de memoria visual puesto que el resultado estuvo por encima del promedio. Conclusiones: Las habilidades visoperceptuales de memoria visual se encontraron por encima y dentro del promedio en pacientes con TDAH.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral psychiatric condition that is classified as inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. It has been shown that it presents lower subcortical volumes, which is associated with visual processing disorders. Visuoperception requires the connection of attention and motor activity and cerebral cortical integrity to interpret, discriminate and recognize visual stimuli, being a fundamental part of the development of the child's visuo-perceptive abilities. Patients diagnosed with ADHD may present failures in cognitive processes, which leads to visual inefficiency, caused by dysfunctions in the binocular mechanism, interfering with the inadequate functioning of the selective attention system and in the learning process. Objective: To evaluate the state of visual perception in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Materials and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive investigation was carried out. 20 children with a diagnosis of ADHD who attended the optometric clinic of the De La Salle University were evaluated, who underwent the TVPS-3 test with their best visual correction, this test consisted of 7 subtests which resulted in a score determined that it was registered in an Excel spreadsheet for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, the variables studied were taken into account expected Results: 41 patients were evaluated, 21 control and 20 patients with ADHD, with 75% female and 25% male corresponding to the control group, the ADHD group 33% female and 67% male. Seven abilities were analyzed where they were found to be within the average, in the case of the visual memory ability it was found to be within the average and above the average. Conclusions: The visuoperceotual memory skills were above and within the average in patients with ADHD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral psychiatric condition that is classified as inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. It has been shown that it presents lower subcortical volumes, which is associated with visual processing disorders. Visuoperception requires the connection of attention and motor activity and cerebral cortical integrity to interpret, discriminate and recognize visual stimuli, being a fundamental part of the development of the child's visuo-perceptive abilities. Patients diagnosed with ADHD may present failures in cognitive processes, which leads to visual inefficiency, caused by dysfunctions in the binocular mechanism, interfering with the inadequate functioning of the selective attention system and in the learning process. Objective: To evaluate the state of visual perception in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Materials and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive investigation was carried out. 20 children with a diagnosis of ADHD who attended the optometric clinic of the De La Salle University were evaluated, who underwent the TVPS-3 test with their best visual correction, this test consisted of 7 subtests which resulted in a score determined that it was registered in an Excel spreadsheet for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, the variables studied were taken into account expected Results: 41 patients were evaluated, 21 control and 20 patients with ADHD, with 75% female and 25% male corresponding to the control group, the ADHD group 33% female and 67% male. Seven abilities were analyzed where they were found to be within the average, in the case of the visual memory ability it was found to be within the average and above the average. Conclusions: The visuoperceotual memory skills were above and within the average in patients with ADHD.
Palabras clave
Percepción visual, TDAH, Disfunción cerebral mínima, Afección psiquiátrica, Neuroconductual, Procesamiento visual