Guerra comercial Estados Unidos - China: Retos y oportunidades para el desarrollo comercial y productivo colombiano
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2023
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Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Desarrollo Sostenible – FEEDS. Finanzas y Comercio Internacional
Descripción
Durante la historia, se han presentado distintos escenarios de guerra comercial, ejemplo de ello, la guerra comercial ocurrida en el año 1929 a causa de la gran depresión vivida, en donde se impone la ley de aranceles Smoot-Hawley la cual Estados Unidos aplica aranceles del 20% a importaciones de productos manufactureros y agrícolas y que como consecuencia tuvo represalias de por lo menos 25 países; dicha ley redujo hasta en un 66% el comercio internacional (Kenton, 2019), a partir de dicha crisis países como Colombia vieron la oportunidad o la necesidad de desarrollar determinado sector para suplir las distintas necesidades que se tuvieran, en su momento, y como lo menciona (Jaramillo, Meisel, & Teres, 2016) Colombia desarrolló el proceso de industrialización por “sustitución de importaciones”. En la actualidad, se vive una guerra comercial entre Estados Unidos y China en la cual se han impuestos aranceles a más de 5000 productos, así la finalidad de esta investigación que es de tipo mixto es estudiar las oportunidades y desafíos de desarrollo comercial para Colombia a partir de un escenario de guerra comercial, analizando la problemática y el trasfondo de la guerra comercial, analizando que partidas arancelarias se ven afectados por parte de ambos países a partir de dicha guerra, y además, analizar si hay partidas arancelarias en Colombia que se ven impactadas por la guerra comercial entre Estados Unidos y China.
Throughout history, different trade war scenarios have been presented, an example of this, the trade war that occurred in 1929 due to the great depression experienced, where the Smoot-Hawley tariff law was imposed, which the US imposes tariffs of 20% on imports of manufacturing and agricultural products and that as a consequence had retaliation from at least 25 countries; This law reduced international trade by up to 66% (Kenton, 2019), as a result of said crisis, countries such as Colombia saw the opportunity or the need to develop a certain sector to meet the different needs that existed, at the time, and as mentioned (Jaramillo, Meisel, & Teres, 2016) Colombia developed the industrialization process by "import substitution". Currently, there is a trade war between the United States and China in which tariffs have been imposed on more than 5,000 products, so the purpose of this correlational research is to study the challenges and opportunities of trade development for Colombia through starting from a trade war scenario, analyzing the problems and the background of the trade war, analyzing which tariff items are affected by both countries from said war and also analyzing if there are tariff items in Colombia that are impacted by the trade war between the US and China.
Throughout history, different trade war scenarios have been presented, an example of this, the trade war that occurred in 1929 due to the great depression experienced, where the Smoot-Hawley tariff law was imposed, which the US imposes tariffs of 20% on imports of manufacturing and agricultural products and that as a consequence had retaliation from at least 25 countries; This law reduced international trade by up to 66% (Kenton, 2019), as a result of said crisis, countries such as Colombia saw the opportunity or the need to develop a certain sector to meet the different needs that existed, at the time, and as mentioned (Jaramillo, Meisel, & Teres, 2016) Colombia developed the industrialization process by "import substitution". Currently, there is a trade war between the United States and China in which tariffs have been imposed on more than 5,000 products, so the purpose of this correlational research is to study the challenges and opportunities of trade development for Colombia through starting from a trade war scenario, analyzing the problems and the background of the trade war, analyzing which tariff items are affected by both countries from said war and also analyzing if there are tariff items in Colombia that are impacted by the trade war between the US and China.
Palabras clave
Guerra comercial, Aranceles, Barreras comerciales, Exportaciones, Productos, Ayudas económicas