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Title

Determination of the cooking time in the frying and baking processes of three foods of massiue con sumption in Colombia

Resumen

En este trabajo se optimizo un procedimiento para la preparacion por freido y horneado de papa (Solanum tuberosum), platano harton (Musa paradisiaca) verde y maduro y yuca chirosa (Manihot esculenta), mediante la evaluacion de las variables que influyen en los dos procesos. Se utilizaron los siguientes indicadores de coccion: temperatura interna del alimento, curva de ablandamiento, tamario y forma del alimento. Mediante la utilizaci6n de informacion tabulada y aplicacion de modelos matematicos predictivos, se determinaron las propiedades termofisicas de estos alimentos y de los fluidos (aceite y aire). Con estos resultados se aplicaron los conceptos basicos de transferencia de calor para calcular el tiempo te6rico de preparaci6n de los alimentos. Los resultados del tiempo obtenidos teoricamente fueron comparables con los resultados experimentales, con valores entre 5 y 50 minutos para el freido y entre 20 y 60 minutos para el horneado, intervalos dependientes de las propiedades termofisicas, el tamario y la forma de cada ali men to. La transferencia de masa que se presento en los dos procesos correspondi6 a la perdida de agua por evaporacion y tambien a la incorporaci6n de grasa en el freido del alimento. En las caracteristicas fisicas y sensoriales de los alimentos preparados resaltan el color, el sabor y la textura crocante que los hace apetecibles. En la yuca y el platano harton verde, la deshidratacion extrema y el dario termico del almid6n en la superficie de contacto con el fluido, ocasionaron endurecimiento excesivo del alimento, condicion inconveniente para su consumo

Palabras clave

freido, horneado, papa, yuca, platano, propiedades termofisicas

Abstract

In this work a procedure for cooking by deep fat frying and baking of potato (Solanum toberosum), green and mature plantain (Musa paradisiaca L) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) was optimized by evaluating the variables that influence cooking in both processes. The following cooking indicators were utilized: internal temperature of the food, softening curve, size and form of the food. The thermophysical properties of foods and the fluids (oil and air) were determined by using data from tables and the application of predictive mathematical models. With these results the basic concepts of heat transference were applied in order to calculate the theoretical time of preparation of foods. The theoretical calculations were comparable with the experimental results, with values between 5 to 50 minutes for deep fat frying and between 20 to 60 minutes for baking, intervals dependent of the thermophysical properties, size and form of foods. The mass transference obtained in both processes corresponds to the loss of water by evaporation and also to the incorporation of fat to the food in deep fat frying. Color, flavor and crunchy texture are the outstanding physical and sensorial characteristics of prepared foods that make them tempting. In cassava and green plantain, the extreme dehydration and the thermal damage of the starch in the frying surface with the fluid caused excessive hardening of the food, which is an inconvenient condition for consumption

Keywords

cooking, deep fat frying, baking, potato, cassava, plantain, thermophysical properties

Fecha de recepción

20 de octubre de 2004

Fecha de aceptación

29 de octubre de 2004

Fecha de publicación

2005-06-01

Licencia Creative Commons

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

Tipo de documento

Artículos de investigación

Editorial

Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle

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